The Tithe Act of 1836 commuted tithes in kind and introduced the tithe rent charge, a fluctuating money payment. The rent charge was based upon a moving average of the price of wheat, barley and oats. The bases for this average were the preceding seven years. Lists for the septennial average price were to be published each year. Other tithable products, like hops, orchard produce and coppice, which were valuable and often disputed tithable products, were treated separately. A local, rather than national rate was applied here. Tithes on fish and personal tithes were not commuted by the act. Importantly, the responsibility for paying tithes was laid upon the landowners. Ultimately the landowner would become the target of any future legal dispute over the tithes.